What is the difference between baking soda and baking powder?

Baking & Technique class-q-and-abaking-fundamentals

How are baking soda and baking powder different, and why do cake and cookie recipes sometimes specify one rather than the other? Can they be substituted spoon-for-spoon, or do the recipe's acidity and the leavener's reaction with moisture and heat need to be considered?

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1 reply

Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. Baking powder contains baking soda plus an acid and starch. They are not the same ingredient, so do not substitute them in equal amounts.

The course distinguishes the moisture and heat reactions of double-acting baking powder. Follow the tested recipe’s specified leavener and method rather than changing only the spoonfuls.

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